Bupivacaine
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Local anesthetic (blocks initiation and conduction of nerve impulses by decreasing permeability of neuron to sodium ions).
Caudal block:
Children: 1–3.7 mg/kg.
Adults: 15–30 mL of 0.25% or 0.5%.
Epidural block:
Children: 1.25 mg/kg/dose.
Adults: 10–20 mL of 0.25% or 0.5%
Peripheral nerve block: 5 mL dose of 0.25% (12.5 mg) or 0.5% (25 mg) (max: 400 mg/24 hr).
Sympathetic nerve block: 20–50 mL of 0.25% (no epinephrine).
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